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The benefits of routine-based ...

Join leading experts for this free webinar on 16 May 2023.

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Fever in returning travellers

ISAC is pleased to announce the launch of a second free E-module which has been developed as part of a ...

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32nd International Congress of ...

Watch the recording of Plenary 2: Treatment of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections by Prof. Juan-Pablo Horcajada

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32nd International Congress of ...

Watch the recording of the opening lecture from the 32nd International Congress of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (ICC) on "Microbial Theranostics - ...

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E-module: Respiratory tract infections ...

ISAC is pleased to announce the launch of its first e-module which has been created as part of the ISAC ...

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Deciphering the mechanisms of ...

This is the third talk in the series of webinars on "When pharmacometrics and systems pharmacology meet infectious disease" organised ...

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32nd ICC

The Abstracts from the 32nd International Congress of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (ICC) have now been published in ISAC's journal, the Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance (JGAR).

Read the abstracts which are open access and freely available here.



ISAAR 2021

The 13th International Symposium of Antimicrobial Agents & Resistance (ISAAR) 2021 was held virtually earlier this month with participants from more than 50 countries.

The congress focussed on diverse topics with broad interdisciplinary interest, with state-of-the-art lectures and presentations by distinguished speakers in a highly interactive online environment, featuring video-streaming presentations with live Q&A and on-demand sessions. Also, e-poster halls and interactive booths provided the global audience with the unique experience of networking during the meeting.

You can now read all the abstracts in ISAC journal, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents (IJAA). Publication of this supplement is supported by the Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID).

31st ICC - 4th GCCMID

The following open access abstracts were presented at the 31st ICC - 4th GCCMID in Dubai from 6 - 9 November 2019. The abstracts were published in the February issue of Journal of Infection and Public Health.

All medicine is medicine; exploring inappropriate antibiotic use at the community level in rural Ghana
S. Afari-Asiedu, M. Hulscher, E. Boamah-Kaali et al.
In vitro exposure of chlorhexidine induce quinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
M. Kawamura, T. Sato, S. Fujimura
Hospital mortality and positive blood culture with Difficult-to threat (DTR), Marseille, France
O. Diallo, S. Baron, M. Jimeno et al.
Colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 clone: Epidemiological, risk factors and massive molecular analysis of bacterial genomes linked to an outbreak in Marseille, France
S. Baron, N. Cassir, M. Hamel et al.
Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Tertiary Care Center
S. Alyami, R. Cruzz, S. Aljohani
Relationship Between Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation among Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Iran
M. Ahanjan, M. Gholami, S. Shadkam
Real time PCR based detection of broadhost range plasmids and their potential use as biomarker in detection of multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria
N. Choudhury, D. Paul, B. Das et al.
Continuous regional education program for improvement the outcome by virtue of the proper use of antimicrobials
K. Suzuki, K. Ikejiri, R. Tanizaki et al.
Pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant strains and the electronic platform for formation of the treatment regimens
T. Lugovkina, S. Gorshkov, I. Vasileva
Analysis of the mechanisms of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
T. Sato, M. Kawamura, S. Fujimura
One Health genomic epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli carriage in sympatric humans and livestock in Nairobi, Kenya
D. Muloi, M. Ward, J. Hassell et al.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of bovine respiratory disease isolates obtained from Australian feedlots (2014-2018)
T. Alhamami, D. Trott, H. Venter 
Antibacterial and Alteration of Drug Resistance Activities of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella Sativa) Extracts against Urinary Pathogens
R. Alqannam
Azithromycin combination therapy increased emergence of antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in elderly patients hospitalized with pneumonia
Y. Mutoh, T. Umemura, T. Ichihara
Emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in a tertiary care facility in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
A. Senok, A. Somily, R. Nassar et al.
Using endogenous methyltransferase genes as biomarker and kanamycin as signal molecule in detection of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli of clinical origin
J. Wangkheimayum, A. Bhattacharjee, D. Dhar (Chanda)
Interplay of blaNDM-1 and acrA enhance transcriptional expression in carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli against concentration gradient carbapenem stress: A study from India
A. Bhattacharjee, s. Chetri, D. Dhar (Chanda)
Development of multi-drug resistance among Relapsed Tuberculosis drug addicts patients in Punjab Pakistan
A. Salam, I. Majooka, A. Ikram
Investigation of Fusidic Acid Resistance Determinants in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus obtained in Kuwait Hospitals
E. Udo, W. AlFouzan, H. Boloki et al.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Implementation in the Gulf Cooperation Council States: A Systematic Review
N. Hashad, A. Tonna, D. Perumal et al.
Undoing the ”Superbugs” With Indoor Light Activated Self Disinfecting Materials
Z. Ahmed, L. George, N. Grammatikova et al.
Evolution of antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates at the Tunisian hospital from 2002 to 2017
H. Sakly, A. Aouam, W. Marrakchi et al.
Inactivation of thymidine kinase as a cause of resistance to zidovudine in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli: a phenotypic and genomic study
L. Peyclit L, M. Ben Khedher, L. Zerrouki et al.
Behavior change in antibiotic stewardship at an Egyptian ICU: Untie the knots
R. El-sokkary, E. Negm, H. Othman et al.
Alarming Expansion of Penicillin-resistant Serogroup W Neisseria meningitidis clone: Western Australia (2013-2018)
S. Mowlaboccus, G. Coombs, J. Bew et al.
Procarcitonin (PCT) levels aids in distinguishing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia in emergency department
H. Inoue, Y. Mutoh, T. Umemura et al.
Rapid and sensitive molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); towards point-of-care testing in low resource settings
A. Ayfan, N Ertl, D. Whiley et al.
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Saudi Arabia
R Bawazeer, M Algoribi, T Abujamel et al.
Microbial Spectrum of Clinical Isolates from the Neonatal and Young Infants Intensive Care Unit in a Single Medical Centre from 2011 to 2018
N Lumbuun, C Cucunawangsih
A Study on High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (Mdro) In a Teaching Care Hospital, From 2016 to 2017
C Cucunawangsih, L Holiwono
Molecular drivers of emerging multidrug resistance in Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates from Algeria
B Hadjer, R Allem
Emergence of mobile colistin resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-8 in Saudi Arabia
S Hala, C Paul Antony, M Alshehri et al.
Prevalence of Molecular Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Saudi Arabia
S Al Hassinah, M Alzayer, L Okdah et al.
Rate of antibacterial drug use without a prescription in Bahrain
Y Tayem, A Khaled, O Alkhajah et al.
The Inhibitory activity of Tobramycin and Liposomal-Tobramycin-N-Acetylcysteine formulations Against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Biofilms
R Alarfaj, S Aljihani, M Alzayer et al.
OXA-48 carbapenemase-mediated ceftazidime-avibactam resistance; first reported case in Saudi Arabia's western region and review of literature
Y Al Dabbagh, R Hassan, N Bahabri et al.
Fosfomycin an Alternative for the Treatment of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
U M Ibrahim
Biocidal and wound healing cogency of nano-copper: a combative strategy against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteria
S Sen, A Bandyopadhyay, P Yadav et al.
Decipher the mechanisms of polymyxin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii by genome-scale metabolic modelling
J Zhao, Y Zhu, J Li
Molecular Detection of common Carbapenemase Resistance Genes in nosocomial pathogens isolated from Neonatal ICU at a major tertiary care hospital in Mecca
R Alahmadi, A Alhumaidy, S Eisa et al.
WGS characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from poultry in the Russia
E Krylova, I Soltynskaya, A Bogomazova
Activity of Ceftolozane/tazobactam and Imipenem/relebactam against Clinical Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Collected in the Middle East – SMART 2016-2018
I Alekseeva, S Lob, K Kazmierczak et al.
Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam against clinical P. aeruginosa isolates collected in the Middle East – SMART 2016-2018
I Alekseeva, S Lob, M Hackel, K Young et al.
In Vitro Activity of Aztreonam-avibactam and Ceftazidime-avibactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Collected in a Global Surveillance Program in the Africa/Middle East, 2014–2017
I Morrissey, A Johnson, M Hackel et al.
Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemase Producing Acinetobacter Baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Tertiary Care Hospitals in Mecca - Saudi Arabia
A Alhumaidy, R Alahmadi, S Eisa et al.
Vaginal infections among Saudi women attending a gynecology clinic: A medical record review
R Assiri, D ElFeky, H Bakhsh et al.
The diagnostic ability of plasma Procalcitonin levels in Gram positive bacteremia
Y Koizumi, M Sakata, A Shiota et al.
Assessment of the level of Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding influenza vaccination in Community and healthcare settings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
D Saad ElFeky, Y Khaled Ramadan, A Alsarhan et al.
Dissemination of diverse Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan
H. Nakaminami, S. Takadama, T. Wajima et al.
Causes of inadequate use of antibiotic combinations in an Infectious Diseases department
M. Abdeljelil, A. Aouam, I. Kool et al.
Duration of antibiotic treatment in an infectious diseases department: comparison with guidelines
M. Abdeljelil, A. Aouam, I. Kooli et al.
Analysis of antibiotherapy advices given in surgical departments in a Tunisian teaching hospital
M. Abdeljelil, A. Aouam, I. Kooli et al.
Genomic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes causing invasive listeriosis in Japan
H. Baba, H. Kanamori, R. Kakuta et al.
Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia revisited: comparison between 2007 and 2017 prospective cohort at a medical center in Taiwan
C. Liao
A prevalence study of microbial contamination on the surfaces of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia
K. Allemailem, D. Alrasheedi, R. Joseph et al.
Does circulated paper currency pose a public health hazards for the community?
M. Almogbel, R. Joseph, A. Elbehiry et al.
An investigation of bloodstream infections (BSI) at the Government General Hospital, Wadi Al Dawasir
G. Aldawsari, S. Mustafa, D. Venugopal
A Rare Case of Pyogenic Spondylitis Caused by Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans
N. Yukihira, T. Yamashita, Y. Adachi et al.
An Unusual cause of Meningitis- Salmonella typhi
R. Husain, B. Mathur, N. Al Zarooni et al.
Bacterialdermohypodermitis in aged persons: experience of an infectious diseases department
W. Marrakchi, M. Abdeljalil, A. Aouam et al.
Rickettsiosis: a study of 41 cases
R. Bougossa, W. Marrakchi, I. Kooli et al.
Bacterial dermohypodermitis in diabetic patients: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic particularities
M. Abdeljalil, W. Marrakchi, A. Aouam et al.
Comparison study between direct api 20e® identification of gram-negative bacilli from positive blood cultures and bd phoenix ™ identification performed from the colonies
M. Al-Howaidi, A. Al-Hamad
Management of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, do we need to mandate infectious diseases consultation?
Y. Aljishi, Z. AlMusa, M. Bakro et al.
Colistin resistance in escherichia coli isolated from poultry in Russia
E. Krylova, I. Soltynskaya, A. Bogomazova et al.
Meglumine antimonate resistance: first alarm in region
S. Brutyan, G. Beglaryan, S. Virabyan
Effective treatment of ventriculitis with OXA-48 carbapenem-resistant Klebseilla Pneumonia, followed by bacteremia with NDM carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella Pneumonia-case report
F. Mehdawi, M. Al-Ahmadi, H. Marhabi
Antifungal susceptibility testing of vulvovaginal Candida species among women attending antenatal clinic
M. Khan
Molecular characterization and clinical outcomes of Candida auris infection. Single center experience in Saudi Arabia
R. Almaghrabi, R. Albalawi, S. Althawadi
Diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia by real-time pcr in patients with various underlying diseases
J. Lu, S. Yang
Cytomegalovirus co-infection and the need for the ventilator use are associated with higher mortality in patients with pneumocystis
S. Chen, H. Wu, K. Wu
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: experience from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia
M. Alabdely, A. Alolayan, R. Almaghrabi et al.
The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of candida blood stream infection: 6 years experience in a tertiary care center
R. Abanamy, A. Akbar, H. Alhatmi et al.
Candidemia in an Indonesian Teaching Hospital: A 9-Year Observational Study
V. Wiwing, C. Cucunawangsih
Invasive aspergillosis: clinical features of 10 cases
H. Sakly, W. Marrakchi, I. Kooli et al.
Evaluation of Candida species and antifungal susceptibilities among patients with bloodstream infection
A. Akbar, R. Abanamy, M. Abalkhail
Network analysis of clinical strain virulence factor of Cryptococcus neoformans
T. Sun, S. Yu, L. Guo et al.
Quality of life assessment and its determinants among Filipino patients living with human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immune deficiency syndrome enrolled in treatment hub of a tertiary government hospital
S. Sala, J. im
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with granulomatous Pneumocystis pneumonia co-infected with Mycobacterium avium in an HIV-infected patient
M. Mochizuki, T. Fukuchi, S. Hatakeyama et al.
Increased prevalence of thyroid function abnormalities among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected patients: A Need for Screening
A. Aouam, H. Sakly, H. Marmouche et al.
Development of potent and cost-effective sulfamethoxazole-phytochemical hybrid antibacterial followed by computer-aided drug design
S. Swain, S. Paidesetty, S. Pati et al.
Strengthening logistic management system, to ensure availability of HIV related commodities: case study, new bell health district, littoral region, Cameroon
G. Feudjio Voutsa, F. Etoa Mebara et al.
Switching to DTG/3TC fixed-dose combination (FDC) Is non-inferior to continuing a TAF-based regimen in maintaining virologic suppression through 48 weeks (TANGO Study)
J. Van Wyk, F. Ajana, F. Bisshop et al.
Durable Efficacy of Dolutegravir (DTG) Plus Lamivudine (3TC) in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive Adults With HIV-1 Infection: 96-Week Results From the GEMINI Studies
P. Cahn, J. Sierra Madero, J. Arribas et al.
The sterilization effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the contact lens using the Ultraviolet C irradiation
S. Fujimura, T. Nagasawa, M. Kawamura et al.
Double-edged sword: threat or not GAS after Clostridium Difficile associated diarrhea
I. Muradyan, A. Grigoryan, V. Manukyan
An audit of antibiotic usage in surgical prophylaxis: a prospective observational study in the surgical ward of german orthopaedic hospital in Bahrain
D. Ebrahim Hussain Habib Ahmed
Reducing gaps in caregiver knowledge and awareness on transmission-based precautions (TBPs) for their hospitalized children
S. Al Hajjar
The effect of baloxavir marboxil on household transmission with influenza infection
T. Umemura, Y. Mutoh, T. Kawamura et al.
Implications of infection control care bundles: a 12-year surveillance study of bacteraemia caused by Gram-negative bacteria
A. Al-Hamad, S. Alsada, S. Alshamlan et al.
Clinical features and complications of measles in adults
N. Ben Hadj Salah, W. Marrakchi et al.
Role of the nurses on antimicrobial stewardship team (AST) in single university hospital in Japan
S. Miki, Y. Yuka, M. Yuki et al.
Measles in an Open Ward
H. Chan, G. Ooi, R. Sridhar et al.
Improving Culture yield rates for clostridioides difficile by using CHROMagarTM
T. Yi-Chun, C. Yi-Shun, H. Ya-I et al.
The DECISIVE study: defining beta-lactam concentration in intensive care unit patients – the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and meropenem in critically ill patients with conserved renal function
M. Abdul-Aziz, M. Rozali, M. Othman-Jailani et al.
Microbiological assessment of a rapid diagnostic assay for blood stream infections
F. Alturki
Interactions of bacterial infections with latent cytomegalovirus in patients in critical condition
S. Yahorau, V. Harbachou
The clinical significance of filmarray pneumonia panel plus in diagnosing pneumonia due to MDRO
T. Alsalmi, S. Aljohani
Genomic analysis of chromobacterium haemolyticum causing near-drowning pneumonia and environmental investigation of river water as a source
H. Kanamori, T. Aoyagi, M. Kuroda et al. 
Investigation of the relationship between chronic spontaneous urticaria and gut microbiome
G. Yuksekal, K. Yilmaz, B. Dikicier et al.
Genotyping Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with nasal colonization and environmental contamination in academic dental clinics
A. Senok, R. Nassar, E. Kaklamanos et al.
Genomic analysis of Shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli from patients and food handlers
H. Baba, H. Kanamori, H. Kudo et al. 
Clinical evaluation of the quidel solana flu a + b assay in a uk district general hospital laboratory
T. Old, S. Kidd 
Proteomics analysis of cryptococcus neoformans response to copper toxicity
T. Sun, X. Li, Y. Li et al.
Reduced level of intestinal butyrate producers that utilize the butyryl coa acetate coa transferase in Saudi pediatric crohn's disease patients
R. Felemban, O. Saadah, A. Hashem et al.
Anti-microbial-resistance and profile of exotoxins of invasive beta-haemolytic-streptococci infections in trauma patients
V. Bajpai, P. Singh, R. Chakraborty et al. 
Performance of two commercial multiplex pcr assays on the detection the etiologies of sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men
T. Lee, K. Lin, S. Chang et al.
Utilization and modification of european-cdc guidelines for bordetella pertussis diagnosis using molecular approach
S. Filfilan 
The Efficiency of Specimen Types for Identification of both Pulmonary and Extra-pulmonary Mycobacterial Infection in a tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia
M. Qutub 
Isolated Tuberculous Liver Abscess in a 63-year-old Immunocompetent Male: A Case Report of an Uncommon Presentation of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis
L. Saturinas, E. Hernandez, D. Entera
Socio-demographic and Clinical Factors in the Development of Drug Resistance in Relapsed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Pakistan
A. Salam, M. Qureshi, A. Ikram 
Delayed diagnosis and isolation of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the largest tertiary care academic hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; what are we missing?
A. Almohaya, N. Alotaibi, M. Alotaibi et al.
Management and treatment outcomes of lymph node tuberculosis
N. Bel Hadj Salah, M. Azaiez et al.
Assessment of whole-genome sequencing for predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis drugs resistance
W. Lee, C. Chang, W. Lin et al.
Mycobacterium smegmatis causing a granulomatous cardiomediastinal mass, a case report
M. Alqurashi, A. Alsaileek, A. Aljizeeri 
Evaluation of BluePoint MycoID and MALDI-TOF MS for identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from the Flagged Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube system
H. Huang, C. Lee, X. Chen et al.
Utilization of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay for Prevalence Mapping of Rifampicin Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in A Teaching Hospital, Indonesia
P. Christopher, C. Cucunawangsih 
Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of drug resistant Mycobacterium kansasii in Taiwan, 2000-2015
C. Hsu, P. Hsueh 
Analytic study of spinal infections: clinical picture, treatment and outcome in King Fahad Military Medical Complex in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
S. Albahrani 
Antimicrobials for treating Clostridium difficile infections
K. Sridharan 
Surgical Site Infections Over a Decade in a Tertiary Hospital
L. AlShammari, S. AlKatheer, M. AlShuaibi et al.
An Emerging Clone (ST2096) of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clonal Complex 14 With Enhanced Virulence Causes an Outbreak in Saudi Arabia
S. Hala, C. Paul Antony, M. Alshehr et al.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Parents towards Head Lice Infestation in Riyadh
R. Al-Masri, F. Al-Bukhari, J. Al-Semairi et al.
A new PCR-based species typing approach in Entamoaba
D. Abuljadayel 
Correlation between neutropenia and pneumonias among children with Visceral Leishmaniasis in “NORK” ICH, Armenia
M. Grigoryan, G. Baklachyan, V. Manukyan et al.
Early diagnosing – advantage
M. Grigoryan, H. Apresyan, H. Ghazaryan et al.
Changing trend of imported Plasmodium malaria cases by origins and species in Serbia
S. Jovanović, Dakić, L. Lavadinović et al.
Do the patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis have FTT? The reality and facts
G. Beglaryan, S. Virabyan, M. Sargsyan et al.
6- Diagnosis of Cutaneous Myiasis in Saudi Infant: Case Report
S. Alotaibi, D. Alshahrani, O. Alzomor 
Underestimated CNS involvement during Visceral Leishmaniasis
M. Grigoryan, V. Manukyan, M. Sargsyan et al.
Moving towards poliomyelitis eradication in Cameroon: national data analysis of surveillance of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) 2013 to 2017
G. Nko’o, C. Ndode, N. Nsiew et al.
Pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in Tunisia: a retrospective analysis of 45 cases
S. Hela 
The etiological structure of patients hospitalized in pediatric infectious diseases department of “Nork” ICH during January- June 2018
A. Grigoryan, I. Muradyan, V. Manukyan et al.
Granulomatous interstitial nephritis: A rare infective cause of allograft failure
S. Sharma, D. Mukherjee, R. Nair 
Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Heart Transplant Recipient In Saudi Arabia: A Case Report
M. Alamri, A. Albarrag, H. Khogeer et al. 
Cytomegalovirus Colitis 10 to 20 Years Post Renal Transplantation: Very-Late Onset of CMV
F. Al Kindi, Y. Boobes, R. Hashmey 
Molecular Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus UL97 and UL54 Variants in Taiwan
J. Lu, S. Yang, P. Wang 
Comorbidity or hail hits the spot
M. Grigoryan, E. Isakhanyan, H. Ghazaryan et al.
Clinical association between EBV and SAT
S. Kechyants, H. Ghazaryan, M. Grigoryan et al.
Evaluation of Plasma Interleukin-10 Levels among Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Attending Total Lab Care Laboratories in Khartoum State
W. Ibrahim Elhag 
Molecular Point-of-care Testing for Influenza A/B and Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Workflow Parameters for the ID Now™ and cobas® Liat® Systems
S. Young, J. Phillips, C. Griego-Fullbright 
The Reliability of C-Reactive Protein Levels in Predicting Dengue Severity: A Systematic Review
V. Salud, F. Reyes, J. Ricohermoso, L. Rubion 
Generating and characterizing of monoclonal antibody against non-structural proteins one of Zika virus
C. Lin 
Cross-sectional prevalence study of MERS-CoV in local and imported dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia, 2016-2018
A. Tolah, S. AL Masaudi, S. El-Kafrawy et al.
MERS-CoV infection is associated with downregulation of genes encoding Th1 and Th2 cytokines/chemokines and elevated inflammatory innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract
B. Alosaimi, M. Awadalla, M. Enani 
Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus Infections in Saudi Arabia Pediatric Patients
S. Haddad, M. Aly, S. Al-Johan 
Pediatric Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection – UAE
F. Al Kindi, S. Chandrasekhar Nair, R. Hashmey 
Severe Leptospirosis with Pulmonary Hemorrhage; The Role of Intravenous Hydrocortisone
D. San Pedro 
A 10-year, single-center, retrospective, observational study of 11 patients infected with Pasteurella multocida in Japan
M. Adachi
One Health-based control strategies for MERS-CoV
M. Hemida